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Automated epidermis segmentation in histopathological images of human skin stained with hematoxylin and eosin
Abstract
Background: Epidermis area is an important observation area for the diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases and skin cancers. Therefore, in order to develop a computer-aided diagnosis system, segmentation of the epidermis area is usually an essential, initial step. This study presents an automated and robust method for epidermis segmentation in whole slide histopathological images of human skin, stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Methods: The proposed method performs epidermis segmentation based on the information about shape and distribution of transparent regions in a slide image and information about distribution and concentration of hematoxylin and eosin stains. It utilizes domain-specific knowledge of morphometric and biochemical properties of skin tissue elements to segment the relevant histopathological structures in human skin.
Results: Experimental results on 88 skin histopathological images from three different sources show that the proposed method segments the epidermis with a mean sensitivity of 87%, a mean specificity of 95% and a mean precision of 57%. It is robust to inter- and intra-image variations in both staining and illumination, and makes no assumptions about the type of skin disorder. The proposed method provides a superior performance compared to the existing techniques.
Poster
The poster is available on my Google Drive: PDF (the “Download” button is in the upper right corner of the preview window)
Image datasets (online)
Segmentation results
The following table summarizes segmentation results for each of the compared methods (CET – Haggerty et al., GTSA – Lu et al., THM – Xu et al.).
Statistics of the respective segmentation performance measures are presented here: (click)
Images presented here are low-quality, downscaled versions of the original images!
If there is no segmentation boundary on a given image, than it meas that the respective method failed (not a single pixel has been segmented).
| Case ID | $I_0$ | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMUJ-01_1917687A_1 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-02_1917687A_2 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-03_1917687B_1 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-04_1917687B_2 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-05_1917733_1 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-06_1917733_2 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-07_1917735_1 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-08_1917735_2 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-09_1917740_1 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-10_1917740_2 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-11_1917742_1 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-12_1917742_2 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-13_1917743_1 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-14_1917743_2 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-15_1917749_1 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| CMUJ-16_1917749_2 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-01_001a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-02_001b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-03_001c_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-04_003a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-05_003b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-06_003c_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-07_004_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-08_005a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-09_005b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-10_008_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-11_011a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-12_011b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-13_011c_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-14_011d_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-15_013_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-16_017a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-17_017b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-18_018a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-19_022_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-20_023a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-21_023b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-22_025a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-23_025b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-24_027_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-25_029a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-26_029b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-27_032a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-28_032b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-29_038_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-30_043_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-31_044_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-32_045a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-33_045b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-34_052_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-35_053_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-36_056a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-37_056b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-38_057_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-39_058a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-40_058b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-41_059_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-42_061_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-43_062_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-44_063_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-45_064_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-46_068_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-47_078a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-48_078b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-49_078c_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-50_078d_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-51_081_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-52_082_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-53_085_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-54_086_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-55_087a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-56_087b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-57_088_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-58_089_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-59_090_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-60_094_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-61_096_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-62_100a_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UBC-63_100b_10 |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UMch-01_32966b |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UMch-02_33017b |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UMch-03_63220a |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UMch-04_63220b |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UMch-05_63221a |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UMch-06_63221b |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UMch-07_Case13s |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UMch-08_Case24s |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UMch-09_Case26s |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
| UMch-10_Case29s |  | proposed | CET | GTSA | THM |
